grammar test 1
11. Although _________ with herons or storks, cranes are distinguished from these birds by bare red areas or ornamental plumes on their heads.
A. they are often confused
B. how often they are confused
C. that they are confused often
D. are they confused often
12. More battles were fought in South Carolina _________ in any other state during the American Revolution.
A. as
B. although
C. than
D. but
13. Cotton is grown throughout the world, and _________ year about 50 million bales, weighing nearly 500 pounds apiece, are produced.
A. each
B. a
C. by a
D. in which
14. Based on a device used in naval vessels, the automatic pilot contains gyroscopes _________ references for an airplane’s course.
A. provides
B. that provide
C. that providing
D. and to provide
15. American Sign Language contains over 4,000 signs _________ is used by over half a million people.
A. and
B. although
C. whenever
D. also
16. _________ founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its president until 1904.
A. Clara Barton, who
B. Although Clara Barton
C. It was Clara Barton
D. Clara Barton
17. _________ two air masses with different characteristics meet, an area called a “front” develops.
A. What
B. There are
C. When
D. Being
18. Today’s farmers use irrigation, fertilizers, large machines, and other technology _________ high crop yields.
A. in the production
B. for production
C. to produce
D. produce
19. ________ served as secretary of war under the Articles of Confederation and also, in George Washington’s administration, under the United States Constitution.
A. When Henry Knox
B. It was Henry Knox
C. Henry Knox
D. Henry Knox, who
20. The course of the Missouri River marks the ________ of continental glaciation.
A. approximate southern limit
B. limited, approximately southern
C. southern limit and approximately
D. limit that approximately southern
21. About three-quarters of the state of Indiana is covered by _________.
A. which farmland
B. such farmland is there
C. farmland
D. it is farmland
22. Also called the painted cup, the Indian paintbrush gives forth tiny flowers that are mostly green, while ________ brightly colored.
A. its leaves
B. it leaves being
C. are its leaves
D. its leaves are
B. Are about
C. About
D. There are about
24. ______ difficult to achieve centrifugal forces thousands of times as great as the force of gravity.
A. There is not
B. While not
C. What is not
D. It is not
A. only while carrying
B. carry only
C. it was only to carry
D. only carrying its
26. The solid-bodied electric guitar mixes and amplifies vibrations from microphone contacts at different points _________ a range of tone qualities.
A. produce
B. to produce
C. a production
D. and producing
A. which
B. such
C. neither
D. whether
28. Most meteorites are thought to be fragments from asteroids, _________ some may be pieces from the heads of comets.
A. despite
B. either
C. although
D. but if
29. Penicillin, ________, kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, many of which cause disease in humans.
A. the first antibiotic to be discovered
B. when the first antibiotic to be discovered
C. the first antibiotic that discovered
D. was the first antibiotic to be discovered
30. Action painting emphasizes the physical act of applying paint to canvas, rather _________ picture as a finished work of art.
A. the
B. from the
C. than the
D. is the
31. Contrary to popular belief, the basic instruments of the old jazz bands were not saxophones, _________ cornets and trumpets.
A. or not
B. but
C. instead
D. neither
32. _____ vary greatly in shape and form, depending upon both the growth pattern and the arrangement of polyps within the colony.
A. Since coral colonies
B. Coral colonies that
C. Coral colonies, although they
D. Coral colonies
A. and its
B. and having
C. and it has
D. and
34. The covered wagons known as Conestogas were primarily used _________ of freight across the prairies of the United States.
A. heavy loads were carried
B. to carry heavy loads
C. the carrying of heavy loads
D. in heavy loads carrying
35. The outstanding feature of copper and the other metals of Group IB in the Periodic Table is _________ chemical attack.
A. resists
B. to resisting
C. their resistance to
D. by resistance
36. When _______ with atmospheric particles, they create many types of secondary particles, including positrons, mesons, and hyperons.
A. the collision of primary cosmic rays
B. primary cosmic rays collide
C. primary cosmic rays colliding
D. do primary cosmic rays collide
37. A common way to produce x-rays is _________ electrons into a copper target.
A. fires
B. fired
C. by firing
D. how to fire
38. _________ in 1800, Middlebury College is the oldest college in Vermont.
A. Opened
B. Opened it
C. The opening
D. There was open
39. Lizette Woodworth Reese’s best-known poem is the sonnet “Tears,” _________ in 1899 in Scribner’s Magazine.
A. to publish
B. published
C. to publish it
D. was published
40. During the Revolutionary War, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was the capital of the United States for one day in 1777, _________ there.
A. was when the Continental Congress stopped
B. when did the Continental Congress stop
C. the Continental Congress when it stopped
D. when the Continental Congress stopped
41. In a barter economy, a person having something to trade must make contact with another person ________ and has something acceptable to offer in exchange.
A. and who wants it
B. wants it
C. who wants it
D. who does it want
42. The chief justice of the United States is the country’s _________ and is appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate.
A. judicial officer highest
B. officer judicial highest
C. officer highest judicial
D. highest judicial officer
43. Including land and water, the state of Alaska ________ an area of 1,530,700 square kilometers, equal to about one-sixth of the size of the United States.
A. having
B. where there is
C. which is
D. has
44. _________ until the twelfth century that the magnetic compass was used for navigation.
A. Its not being
B. It was not
C. Not
D. Was not
45. Although she wrote only two short novels and 19 stories during her brief career, Flannery O’Connor made _________ to United States fiction.
A. a contribution is important
B. an important contribution
C. a contribution and important
D. is an important contribution
46. The New York City Ballet has been _________ of United States classical ballet companies since its inception in 1946.
A. the consistently creative most
B. consistently creative the most
C. most creative the consistently
D. the most consistently creative
47. When condensation occurs close to the ground, _________ results in fog or dew.
A. or
B. the
C. it
D. then
48. Desktop publishing systems are capable of _________ camera-ready pages made up of text and graphics, with text set in different typefaces and sizes.
A. when producing
B. produce
C. to produce
D. producing
49. The femur is the _________ in the body.
A. bone is the largest and longest
B. largest and the longest bone that
C. largest and longest bone
D. bone largest and longest and
50. Spurred by the phenomenal growth of the city of Chicago after the Civil War, Illinois became ________.
A. that a major industrial state
B. to a major industrial state
C. a major industrial state
D. to be a major industrial state
51. _________ from the Caribbean islands explored the area now known as Texas and New Mexico as early as the sixteenth century.
A. Spaniards who
B. As Spaniards
C. When Spaniards
D. Spaniards
52. If volcanoes erupt explosively and cast fluid lava high into the air, _________, dispersed by the wind, gives rise to particles of various sizes.
A. the lava
B. and lava
C. when lava
D. which lava is
53. North America displays more ________ than any other continent except Asia; only a true tropical environment is absent.
A. vary climate
B. climate varied
C. climatically varied
D. climatic variation
54. Neurobiologists believe _________ endorphins and other neurochemicals may control our hunger for certain kinds of foods.
A. whose
B. that if
C. that
D. of those
55. A feature of Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico is the nightly emergence, except during the winter hibernation period, of _________.
A. several bats million
B. bats million several
C. several million bats
D. million several bats
56. _________ 639 named muscles in the human anatomy.
A. As are
B. There are
C. Of the
D. That are
57. _________, or striated, muscles are subject to the will and control of the body and are attached to the skeleton by tendons.
A. The voluntary are
B. There are voluntary
C. That the voluntary
D. The voluntary
58. Orchestra conductor Michael Morgan became interested in classical music as a high school student when _________ rehearsals of the National Symphony in Washington, D.C.
A. beginning his attending
B. did he begin attending
C. he began attending
D. began attending his
59. Virtually the same array of mammals _________ in the hills surrounding Los Angeles today occupied this area in the late Pleistocene era.
A. that they live
B. lives
C. that lives
D. that living
60. Wood has been the _________ for furniture since antiquity.
A. commonly most material used
B. used material commonly most
C. commonly material used most
D. most commonly used material
بناب، خ دانشجو، ساختمان صالح مطلق 2،