Tag Questions

ضمیمه های سوالی

 

 

A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. The whole sentence is a "tag question", and the mini-question at the end is called a "question tag".

We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English.

The basic structure is:

+ Positive statement,	- negative tag?
Snow is white,	isn't it?
- Negative statement,	+ positive tag?
You don't like me,	do you?

 

Look at these examples with positive statements:

positive statement [+]				negative tag [-]			notes:
subject	auxiliary	main verb		auxiliary	not	personal pronoun (same as subject)
You	are	coming,		are	n't	you?
We	have	finished,		have	n't	we?
You	do	like	coffee,	do	n't	you?
You		like	coffee,	do	n't	you?	You (do) like...
They	will	help,		wo	n't	they?	won't = will not
I	can	come,		can	't	I?
We	must	go,		must	n't	we?
He	should	try	harder,	should	n't	he?
You		are	English,	are	n't	you?	no auxiliary for main verb be present & past
John		was	there,	was	n't	he?

 

Look at these examples with negative statements:

negative statement [-]						positive tag [+]
subject	auxiliary		main verb			auxiliary	personal pronoun (same as subject)
It	is	n't	raining,			is	it?
We	have	never	seen		that,	have	we?
You	do	n't	like		coffee,	do	you?
They	will	not	help,			will	they?
They	wo	n't	report		us,	will	they?
I	can	never	do		it right,	can	I?
We	must	n't	tell		her,	must	we?
He	should	n't	drive		so fast,	should	he?
You			are	n't	English,	are	you?
John			was	not	there,	was	he?

 

Some special cases:

ادامه نوشته

Book 1 Quiz 1 Lessons 1&2

Book 1 Quiz 1 Lessons 1&2

Part A : Grammar

 

1- It is time for Ali ………… home now.

       1) go                       2) going                         3) to go                      4) goes

2- Does your father………..work on Fridays?

       1) have to               2) has to                        3) must                      4) had to

3-" When did you go to Mashhad?"       " …………….summer."

       1) That is                2) It was                        3) It is                       4) There was

4- My sister couldn't……….tea when she was 15 years old.

       1) making              2) to make                    3) make                    4) made

 

Part B : Vocabulary

 

5- They raise coconuts on the farms of hot lands. The word "raise" means…. .

        1) grow                   2) rise                           3) grow up                4) pick

6- " What did they……..the baby?"    " Saeed."

        1) mean                   2) pay                           3) call                        4) talk

7- Don't pick this apple . It is not……….enough.

        1) ripe                      2) pretty                       3) green                    4) awake

8- Don't make any noise. The baby is………… .

        1) sleep                    2) sleepy                      3) hungry                4) asleep

 

Part C : Language Functions

 

9- " What does she do?"            " She is………. . I'm not sure.

        1) 20 years old        2) a nurse                     3) fine                       4) at home

 

Part D : Pronunciation

 

10- Which word doesn't have /u:/ sound?

        1) to                         2) do                              3) good                     4) soup

   

زمانها در زبان انگلیسی

 

English Tenses Timeline Chart

This timeline tenses chart provides a handy reference sheet to English tenses and their relationship to one another and the past, present and future. Conjugated verbs are highlighted in bold. Tenses which are rarely used in everyday conversation are marked by an asterik (*).

ادامه نوشته

جملات معلوم و مجهول

Active / Passive Verb Forms

Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.

Active Form

In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.

[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

Passive Form

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

How to Recognize Active and Passive Sentences

1.      Identify the subject of the sentence.

2.      Identify the action that the sentence identifies.

3.      Examine the relationship between the subject and verb.

Does the subject perform the action of the verb? (If so, the sentence is active.)

Does the subject sit there while something else -- named or unnamed -- performs an action on it? (If so, the sentence is passive.)

Can't tell? If the main verb is a linking verb ("is," "was," "are," "seems," etc.), then the verb functions like an equals sign; there is no action (either active or passive) involved -- it merely describes a state of being.

Imperatives: Active Commands

A command (or "imperative") is a kind of active sentence, in which "you" (the one being addressed) are being ordered to perform the action. (If you refuse to obey, the sentence is still active.)

·         Get to work on time.

·         Take me to your leader.

·         Ladies and gentlemen, let us consider, for a moment, the effect of the rafting sequences on our understanding of the rest of the novel.

Linking Verbs: Neither Active nor Passive ^

When the verb performs the function of an equals sign, the verb is said to be a linking verb. Linking verbs describe no action -- they merely state an existing condition or relationship; hence, they are neither passive nor active.  

ادامه نوشته

جملات شرطی

جملات شرطی

Conditional Sentence Type 1

Conditional Sentence Type 2

Conditional Sentence Type 3

نوع تاکیدی جملات شرطی:

If you work hard, you will succeed → Should you work , you will succeed.

 

If I were you, I would not go. → Were I you, I would not go.

 

If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.

→ Had you studied harder, you would have passed the exam.

Ex- If I saw her, I would tell you. → Did I saw her, I would tell you.

اصطلاحات

جای فعل و عبارت شرط را می‌گیرند. But for, if it were not for, if it had not been for

 

If it had not been for the storm, we would have arrived earlier.

But for the storm, we ………………………….
 

  if not   بجای  or else

Put on your coat. If you don't put it on, you'll catch cold.

→ Put on your coat, or else, you'll catch cold.

كــــــــــاربردهاي It

 

It در انگليسي كاربردهاي متعددي دارد كه به برخي از آنها در زير اشاره مي شود.

1- اشاره به شي ء مفرد

There is a car in the street. It is blue.

2- اشاره به زمان

It is Monday.

It is 2 o'clock.

3- اشاره به هوا

It is raining. It is cold.

4- اشاره به مسافت

It is 10 Kms from here to Isfahan.

5- اشاره به شخص نامشخص

Who is it on the phone?

6- كاربرد در فرمول زير

بقيه جمله + مصدر با to + صفت + is /was  + It

                                            

It is easy to learn English.

نمونه سوال

زير گزينه ي صحيح خط بكشيد.

1. A: How is the weather?   B: …………. is cold.

a. That                 b. This                    c. It                         d. There

 

2. A: What day is today?   B: ………… is Saturday.

a. It                     b. That                    c. This                    d. It’s

 

3. It was easy ………………. in that river.

a. swim              b. swimming            c. to swim           d. swam               

 

4. A: How far is ……………. to your school?  B: 200 meters.

a. that                  b. this                   c. there               d. it

 

5. A: What is …………… in your hand?  B: A pen

a. it                      b. they                  c. those              d. these                

 

 

 

يكي از كاربردهاي it استفاده در فرمول زير مي باشد كه نشان دهنده يك امر كلي و عمومي

مي باشد .

It + is / was + صفت + to مصدر با + بقيه جمله

 

It is important to learn a foreign language.

It is dangerous to swim in the river.

It was difficult to climb a tall tree.

 

چنانچه بخواهيد شخص خاصي را مورد نظر قرار دهيد از فرمول زير استفاده مي كنيد .

It + is / was + صفت + ( for +  ( مفعول + to مصدر با + بقيه جمله

It is necessary for you to come on time.

It was easy for Ali to speak English.

 

مي توان جملات فوق را بشكل زير تغيير داد .

It is dangerous to drive carelessly.

Driving carelessly is dangerous.

 

It is forbidden to smoke in this room.

Smoking in this room is forbidden.

نمونه سوال  

1. It   is  necessary ………………… early  to  class.

a. come                     b. to  come            c. coming              d. came

 

2. It was necessary ……………………. polite.

a. for him to be        b. for to be him            c. him to before             d. to be for him

 

3. It is forbidden ……………… in this bus.

a. smoke                   b. smoking            c. to smoke           d. smoked

 

4. It is useful for ……………………. to walk in the park.

a. she                                 b. her                   c. hers                 d. she's

 

5. ………………… for a long time made him tired.

a. Work                    b. Worked            c. Working           d. Works

 

6. Is it difficult to learn English?

No, ……………….. English is easy.

a. to learn                b. learned             c. learns              d. learning