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anarchy (AN er kee) n. 1. a complete lack of government; 2. characterized by political disorder and violence; lawlessness; 3. disorder in any area of activity or endeavor

•     With no government in power, anarchy reigned supreme.

•     In the current state of anarchy, looting and violence were the everyday state of affairs.

•     With no proven theory as to the mechanism of the Copelia virus, anarchy prevailed in the field of viral research.

[anarchic, anarchical adj., anarchist n., anarchically adv.]

ancestor (AN ses toer) n. 1. someone from whom one is descended, especially one earlier than a grandparent; forefather; forebear; 2. an earlier kind of animal from which later types have evolved; 3. anything regarded as a forerunner of a thing that developed later

•     My neighbor Bryan claims that Davey Crockett was his ancestor.

•     The saber-tooth tiger is thought to be an ancestor of today’s big cats as well as domesticated cats.

•     The British Morris Mini is considered the ancestor of all modern compact cars with sideways-mounted engines.

[ancestral adj.]

ancient (AYN shent) adj. 1. belonging to the distant past, especially prior to the end of the Western Roman Empire (476 a.d.); 2. having been in existence a long time; very, very old; 3. antiquated; old-fashioned —n. 1. a person who lived in ancient times; 2. a very old person

•     In ancient days, Athens and Sparta were great city-states.

•     Baltimore’s Fort McHenry is an ancient structure.

•     Barbara thinks her mom’s notions of proper behavior are totally ancient, dude.

•     Julius Caesar was an ancient; so is my grandfather. [Syn. old]

ancillary (AN sil er ee) adj. 1. underling or subordinate, often used with to; 2. that serves as an aid; auxiliary

•     On the Minnow, Gilligan was ancillary to the Skipper.

•     While the main body of a news article imparts primary information, side­bars usually contain ancillary or related facts.

anecdote (AN ik doht) n. 1. a short, entertaining account of something that happened, usually personal or biographical; 2. (obsolete) a little-known amusing fact

•     Jonah related the anecdote about himself and the whale.

•     Many are unaware of the fact that some social studies books once con­tained the anecdote that Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin that he’d built with his own hands.

[anecdotal adj., anecdotally adv.] [Syn. story]

animate (AN i mayt) vt. 1. to bring to life; to give life to; 2. to cause to be ener­getic or spirited; 3. to move to action; inspire

•     Skillful puppeteers are able to convincingly animate lifeless, wooden, marionettes.

•     You can rely on Harold to join in a dull discussion and, by so doing, to immediately animate it.

•     The group of soldiers sat around acting glum, until Sergeant Jones animated them to take action.

[-d, animating, animation n.]

antagonist* (an TAG uh nisst) n. 1. a person who competes against or opposes another; adversary; opponent; 2. a muscle, drug, etc. that acts to oppose another

•     The Boston Red Sox baseball team is the chief antagonist of the New York Yankees baseball team.

•     Afrasiab was Rustam's antagonist.

•     For every muscle in your body that causes a body part to move in a certain direction, an antagonist muscle exists to return the part to its original position.

[-ic adj., -ically adv., antagonism n.] [Syn. opponent]

anthology (an THOL i jee) n. a collection of short stories, songs, poems, excerpts, etc. compiled into a single book

•     Every poetry collection is an anthology if more than a single poet’s works are included.

•     Almost every CD of popular music is an anthology of songs. [-logies pl., -logize vt., -logizer, -logist n., -logistic adj.]

antiquated (an tik WAY tid) adj. 1. no longer useful or used; obsolete; out of date; old fashioned; 2. very aged

•     A very small part of this book was typed on an antiquated IBM Selectric typewriter—a very small part.

•     I usually drive an antiquated Toyota from the mid-1980s. [antiquate vt.] [Syn. old]

antiseptic (AN ti SEP tik) adj. 1. disallowing infection, decay, etc. by slowing the growth of microbes; 2. free from infectious agents or infection; 3. very clean; sterile; 4. untouched by life’s problems, emotions, etc. —n. a cleaning agent meant to prevent the growth of bacteria and viruses

•     When you get a cut, it’s a good idea to use an antiseptic cream to prevent its becoming infected.

•     An operating room should be in antiseptic condition.

•     You need not keep your room antiseptic; just neat will do.

•     The hermit led an antiseptic life, locked away in his penthouse apartment with no contact with the outside.

[-ally adv.]

anxiety (ang ZY i tee) n. 1. a state of uneasiness, apprehension, or worriedness about what the future might hold; 2. feeling powerless and unprepared to deal with threatening (usually imaginary) events; 3. an eager but often uneasy concern (to do well)

•     Karen always felt anxiety about her investments in the stock market and was nervous about losing money.

•     Lou’s biggest anxiety concerned earthquakes, which was especially unusual because he lived in New York City.

•     Anxiety hung heavily in the air of the SAT exam room. [anxieties pl.] [Syn. care]

apathetic (AP uh THET ik) adj. 1. feeling emotionless; unmoved; 2. disinterested; listless

•     That most Americans were apathetic to the election was evidenced by the very low turnout.

•     Football fans are rarely apathetic to the fortunes of their home teams; they yell and cheer for them, even on TV.

[-ally adv., apathy n.] [Syn. impassive]

QUICK REVIEW #7

Match the word from column 2 with the word from column 1 that means most nearly the same thing.