همه چیز در مورد درس 4 كتاب پيش دانشگاهي 1
Earthquakes and How to Survive Them
زلزله و چگونگي جان سالم به در بردن از آنها
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1 The Earth is made up of three main layers |
1- زمين از سه لايه اصلي تشكيل يافته است : پوسته ، جبه و اين صفحات روي سطح نرم و قابل انعطاف جبه در زير پوسته |
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2 The plates of the crust move along smoothly but sometimes they stick together and create pressure. The pressure increases and the rock bends until it breaks. When these occur, an .earthquake is the result. |
2- صفحات پوسته زمين به نرمي حركت مي كنند اما بعضي |
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3 Earthquakes happen everyday. Though |
3- زلزله ها هر روز رخ مي دهند اگرچه ميليون ها نفر از مردم ممكن است هرگز زمين لرزه را تجربه نكرده باشند، اما زلزله يك اتفاق خيلي عادي روي اين سياره است . بنابراين همين امروز در جايي زلزله اي رخ خواهد داد. ممكن است كه آنقدر ضعيف باشد كه فقط ابزارهاي مخصوصي يا ممكن است به اندازه اي قوي باشد كه باعث خسارت و يا باعث جراحت و يا حتي مرگ شود. |
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4 It is thought that about 700 shocks each |
4- گفته شده است كه هر ساله حدود 700 زلزله اين قدرت را |
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5 Since a large number of world's earthquakes each year occur along the Pacific Ocean, this is .the most probable area for today's earthquake But it could hit any place because no area is .entirely free of earthquakes . |
5- از آنجا كه هر ساله تعداد زيادي از زلزله هاي دنيا در امتداد اقيانوس آرام رخ مي دهند، اين منطقه محتمل ترين جا براي زلزله ي امروز مي باشد. اما زلزله مي تواند به هر منطقه اي اصابت كند، زيرا هيچ منطقه اي از زمين لرزه در امان نيست . |
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6 Saying that an earthquake is going to |
6- گفتن اينكه امروز قرار است زلزله اتفاق بيفتد واقعا تاكنون زلزله قابل پيشگويي نبوده ، اما هركسي در هر روزي مسئله اصلي اين است كه بتوانيم تعيين كنيم كي و كجا يك زلزله قوي قرار است رخ دهد. |
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7 Earthquake prediction is a future possibility |
7- پيشگويي زلزله احتمالي است در آينده . درست مثل اينكه اين كار ممكن است روزي به واقعيت بپيوندد، اما اين زماني رخ مي دهد كه ما مطالب خيلي بيشتري درباره ي ساز و كار زلزله فهميده باشيم . |
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?WHAT TO DO 8 Before an Earthquake |
چه بايد كرد؟ 8- قبل از زلزله |
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O All family members should know how to turn off gas, water, and electricity . |
O همه افراد خانواده بايستي بدانند كه چگونه گاز و آب و برق |
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O Plan family emergency procedures, and make plans for your family to get together . |
O برنامه شرايط اضطراري خانواده را طرح ريزي كنيد و |
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O Know emergency telephone numbers (doctor ,hospital, police, fire department, ect(. |
O شماره تلفن هاي اضطراري را بدانيد (دكتر، بيمارستان ، |
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O Fix heavy things strongly to walls (book |
O اشياي سنگين را به محكمي به روي ديوارها نصب كنيد |
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O Never place heavy things over beds, and keep them lower than the head height of the shortestmember of the family . |
O هرگز اشياي سنگين را بالاي تختخواب ها قرار ندهيد و آنها |
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9 During an Earthquake |
9- در هنگام وقوع زلزله |
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O Stay Calm |
O خونسرد باشيد. |
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O If you are inside, stand in a doorway, or go under a desk or table, away from windows or glass doors . |
O اگر داخل اتاق هستيد در چهارچوب درب بايستيد، يا زير |
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O If you are outside, stand away from buildings, trees , and telephone and electrical lines . |
O اگر بيرون هستيد از ساختمان ها، درختان و سيم هاي تلفن |
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O If you are on the road, drive away from under passes, and overpasses; stop in a safe area, and stay in your car. |
O اگر در جاده هستيد از زيرگذرها و پل ها دوري كنيد و در |
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10 After an Earthquake |
10- بعد از زلزله |
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O Check for injuries, provide first aid. |
O زخمي ها را كنترل كنيد و كمك هاي اوليه را فراهم كنيد. |
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O Check for gas, water, and electrical lines. |
O لوله هاي گاز و آب و سيم هاي برق را كنترل كنيد. |
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O Check for building damage and possible |
Oبعد از زلزله خسارت ساختمان و مسائل احتمالي آن را |
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O Clean up dangerous chemicals off the floor. |
O كف اتاق ها را از مواد شيميايي خطرناك پاك كنيد. |
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O Wear shoes |
O كفش بپوشيد. |
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O Turn on the radio, and listen for instruction sfrom police and fire departments. |
O راديو را روشن كنيد و به دستورات پليس و آتش نشاني |
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O Use telephone for emergencies, only |
O از تلفن فقط در مواقع اضطراري استفاده كنيد. |
Cloze Passage
It may be never possible to predict the exact time when a damaging earthquake will occur, because when enough ...(1)... has built up, a fault may become naturally weak, and any small background earthquake may or may not continue separating and ...(2)... a large earthquake. While it may eventually
be possible to accurately diagnose the pressure state of ...(3)..., the correct timing of large events may continue to escape from us. In the
dangerous structures .
1- 1) difficulty 2) pressure 3) imagination 4) reality
2- 1) turn into 2) put into 3) turn on 4) put on
3- 1) flood 2) rock 3) fault 4)core
4- 1)injury 2) pain 3) disease 4) damage
5- 1)locating 2) removing 3) training 4)rattling
Walt Disney was one of the most famous motion - picture producers in history. Disney first became known in the 1920's and 1930's for creating such cartoon film characters as Micky Mouse and Donald Duck. He later produced feature length cartoon films, movies about wild animals in their natural surroundings and films starring human actors. The Disney studio has won more than 50 Academic Awards for its movies and for scientific and technical contributions to film making.
Disney achieved one of his greatest successes in 1955, when he opened Disney land, a spectacular theme park in Anahein,
6- Why does the writer mention the decades 20 and 30 ?.
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1) Because of the first theme park |
2) As the first feature-length was made then. |
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3) Because Disney won many prizes. |
4) Since Disney became known in these decades. |
7- Disney won many awards because of his movies and his ...................
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1) Micky Mouse and Donald Duck |
2) feature- length movies |
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3) scientific contribution to film making |
4) technical cartoons for children |
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1) Disney land |
2) |
3) |
4) 1955 |
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2) Shows and rides are based on Disney film characters | |||
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3) People could also see wild animals there | |||
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4) children were able to meet cartoon producers | |||
10- In line 3 "their" refers to .........................
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1)movies |
2) characters |
3)films |
4)animals |
A powerful earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale hit the town of
180 kilometers away from
Reports of possible damage or casualties are not available. Many of houses and public places are completely destroyed. All hospitals of Bam exist no longer. Most part of the 2000 - year - old Bam historic manument, largest mud - brick structure in the world, was also damaged during the quake in Bam .
11- Which item is not correct about Bam earthquake ?
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1) occured on Friday night |
2) 6.3 in Richter scale |
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3) on December 26th |
4) It was very powerful |
12- We can understand from the passage that .................... .
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1) after earthquake Bam hospital accepted the injured people |
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2) it is about 280 km from |
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3) there were exact reports of dead and injured people |
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4) many aftershocks hit the city after the first one |
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1) movement |
2) quake |
3) jerk |
4) pressure |
14- What is specific about Bam historic manument ?
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1) It is located in Southeast of |
2) It wasn't damaged during the earthquake. |
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3) It is the largest mud -brick structure |
4) During the earthquake people poured into it |
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1) Reporting an accident. |
2) Instructing how to survive earthquakes. |
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3) Inventing a story |
4) Informing about a historical city.. |
پاسخنامه كليدي
1-2 5-2 9-2 13-2
2-1 6-4 10-4 14-3
3-3 7-3 11-1 15-1
4-4 8-1 12-2
Grammar Digest
1- so + adjective / adverb
O The film was so good that I saw it twice .
O He's so fat that he can hardly walk .
2- such + (a / an + adjective + (noun
O I've never met such friendly people.
O It was such a funny joke that we couldn't help laughing .
3- too + adjective / adverb + (for + object) + infinitive
O The coffee is too hot to drink.
O The lesson was too hard for us to understand .
4- adjective / adverb + enough + (for + object) + infinitive
O He is tall enough to touch the ceiling.
O The exercise was easy enough for me to do .
5- enough + noun + (for + object) + infinitive
O Mary had enough time to read this novel.
O There is enough money for you to take a vacation .
aid:
provide first aid .
calm:
stay calm
core:
The core, which is at the center of the Earth, consist of heavy metals .
crust :
The crust, the layer that you live on.
damage :
Earth quakes may be strong enough to cause damage, injury ,and death .
departments:
Turn on the radio, and listen for instructions from police and fire departments.
destructive :
Most of these destructive earthquakes occur in less populated places .
earthquake:
Millons of people may never experience an earthquake .
electricity:
All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity.
emergency :
Know emergency telephone numbers.
float :
These plates float on the soft , plastic mantle below the crust .
flood , forecast :
The weather organizations now forecast floods and strong storms.
instrument :
Earthquakes may be so light that only special instruments can record its movement.
layer :
The Earth is made up of three main layers .
locate:
Earthquake occur each day, although most are too small to be located.
mantle :
These plates float on the soft, plastic mantle below the crust. The Earth is made up of three main layers: the crust, the mantle and the core.
fault :
A place where there is a long break in the layers of rock in the Earth's crust (fault) .
geology:
The scientific study of the Earth (geology (
hypothesize:
When we hypothesize, we suggest a way of explaining something that we do not definitely know .
liquid:
Stay on the surface of a liquid such as water.
geologist :
The scientist who study about Earth. (geologist (
seismologist :
A person who studies about earthquakes. (seismologist (
mechanism:
Only after much more is learned about Earthquake
mechanisms.
overpass:
If you are on the road, drive away from underpasses and overpasses, stop in a safe area.
pacific :
The word's earthquakes each year occur along the pacific ocean.
populated:
Earthquakes occur in a less populated area .
predict :
Saying that an earthquake is going to happen today is not really predicting earthquakes.
procedure :
Plan family emergency procedures, and make plans for your family to get together .
provide :
Provide first aid .
rattle :
Earthquake may shake houses, rattle windows, and change the place of small things.
reality:
Earthquake prediction may some day become a reality.
shake:
Earthquake may shake houses, rattle windows.
skin :
The crust is like the skin of an apple .
smoothly :
The plates of the crust move along smoothly
underpass :
If you are on the road, drive away from underpasses and over passes stop in a safe area.
automobiles:
The strong storm struck with such a powerful force that it lifted automobiles off the ground .
cobra :
The turtle is balanced on top of a cobra.
conclusion :
To separate a phrase from the rest of a sentence to show a summary or conclusion .
seismograph :
An instrument to measure and record information about earth quakes. (seismograph).
storm :
The strong storm struck with such a powerful force that it lifted automobiles off the ground .
suggest :
When we hypothesize, we suggest a way of explaining something that we do not definitely know.
thought :
It is thought that about 700 shocks each year have this power when they occur in a populated area.
turtle :
The Earth is held up by four elephants that stand on the back of a turtle.
بناب، خ دانشجو، ساختمان صالح مطلق 2،